MACROMEDIA COLDFUSION MX-CLUSTERCATS Instrukcja Użytkownika Strona 21
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What is scalability? 11
Linear scalability
Perfect scalability — excluding cache initializations — is linear. Linear scalability, relative
to load, means that with fixed resources, performance decreases at a constant rate relative
to load increases. Linear scalability, relative to resources, means that with a constant load,
performance improves at a constant rate relative to additional resources.
Caching and resource management overhead affect an application server’s ability to
approach linear scalability. Caching allows processing and resources to be reused,
alleviating the need to reprocess pages or reallocate resources. Disregarding other
influences, efficient caching can result in superior linear application server scalability.
Resource management becomes more complicated as the quantity of resources increases.
The extra overhead for resource management, including resource reuse mechanisms,
reduces the ability of application servers to scale linearly relative to constraining
resources. For example, when a processor is added to a single processor server, the
operating system incurs extra overhead in synchronizing threads and resources across
processors to provide symmetric multiprocessing. Part of the additional processing power
that the second processor provides is used by the operating system to manage the
additional processor, and is not available to help scale the application servers.
It is important to note that application servers can scale relative to resources only when
the resource changes affect the constraining resources. For example, adding processor
resources to an application server that is constrained by network bandwidth would
provide, at best, minor performance improvements. When discussing linear scalability
relative to server resources, you should assume that it is relative to the constraining server
resources.
Understanding linear scalability in relation to your site’s performance is important
because it affects not only your application design and construction, but also indirectly
related concerns, such as capital equipment budgets.
- Using ClusterCATS 1
- CONTENTS 3
- C o n t e n t s v 5
- ABOUT THIS BOOK 7
- Developer resources 8
- Viewing online documentation 9
- Contacting Macromedia 10
- CHAPTER 1 11
- Before You Begin 11
- ClusterCATS overview 12
- Detailed overview 13
- • A user enters a new URL 14
- • A user employs a bookmark 14
- ClusterCATS overview 5 15
- ClusterCATS components 16
- System requirements 17
- CHAPTER 2 19
- What is scalability? 20
- What is scalability? 11 21
- Load management 22
- Avoiding common bottlenecks 26
- • “What is DNS?” on page 17 27
- Zones and domains 28
- What is website availability? 33
- Common failures 34
- Website availability scenario 35
- Failover considerations 35
- What is clustering? 38
- • It uses proven technology 39
- CHAPTER 3 43
- Installing ClusterCATS 43
- Before you install 44
- Configuring server failover 48
- Configuring firewalls 48
- Analyzing web server content 49
- After you install 55
- CHAPTER 4 57
- Configuring Clusters 57
- ClusterCATS Server 58
- Creating clusters 64
- Creating clusters 55 65
- Creating clusters 57 67
- Creating clusters in UNIX 70
- 3 Click OK 71
- Removing clusters 72
- Adding cluster members 73
- Removing cluster members 75
- Server load thresholds 76
- Server load thresholds 67 77
- Server load thresholds 69 79
- Server load thresholds 71 81
- Session-aware load balancing 82
- Session swapping overview 84
- Using ColdFusion probes 87
- Using ColdFusion probes 81 91
- To remove a ColdFusion probe: 91
- Using ColdFusion probes 83 93
- Using JRun probes 94
- Using JRun probes 85 95
- To remove a JRun probe: 98
- Using JRun probes 89 99
- To add a new JRun probe: 99
- Load-balancing devices 102
- • dynamic-feedback -retry 103
- Product drop-down list 104
- Load-balancing devices 97 107
- Administrator e-mail options 110
- Administering security 113
- Administering security 105 115
- Administering security 107 117
- CHAPTER 5 119
- Maintaining Cluster Members 119
- Resetting cluster members 130
- CHAPTER 6 131
- ClusterCATS Utilities 131
- Using btadmin 132
- Using btcfgchk 136
- Using hostinfo 139
- Using sniff 140
- CHAPTER 7 141
- Optimizing ClusterCATS 141
- Using server failover 147
- Overview of metrics 148
- Load types 149
- Output variables 149
- 142 Index 152
- 146 Index 156
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